GROUNDING




All industrial facilities must be grounded, and free-standing structures, tall buildings, and structures of increased danger must also have lightning protection. Residential buildings must also have grounding and lightning protection.

According to the safety regulations in force in Ukraine, the resistance of the grounding circuit must have a resistance of up to 4 Ohms, and the resistance of the circuit for lightning protection up to 10 Ohms.

To correctly select a grounding device, a calculation is made that takes into account such data as the maximum current that the grounding circuit can dissipate, soil resistance depending on the terrain, and other facts.

To select lightning protection, a number of factors are taken into account, including the height of the structure, its location, and the roof structure, as well as how many people can be in this structure at the same time.

There are also industrial facilities that require special protection, especially telecommunication systems, data centers, as well as explosive structures.

Ensuring electrical safety is an integral part of the design of power supply networks for both industrial facilities and civilian facilities (factories, factories, schools, hospitals, residential sector, etc.).

Electrical safety is a system of organizational and technical measures that protect people from the dangerous and harmful effects of electric current, electric arc, electromagnetic field, static electricity. Ensuring electrical safety is mandatory and is determined by current state norms and rules.

In electrical design, one of the important and mandatory measures is to eliminate the risk of electric shock to people in the event of voltage appearing on parts of electrical equipment structures.
For this purpose, grounding is provided. Grounding is a deliberate electrical connection of metal parts of electrical equipment to the ground or its equivalent replacement.
All other metal parts that may become live in the event of insulation damage are also subject to grounding. Depending on the object and the task, the following types of electrical safety are performed: working grounding, protective grounding, re-grounding, zeroing and potential equalization system.

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Thanks to the installation of high-quality grounding that complies with all relevant norms and rules, not only is zero potential on the device housings ensured, but also the high-quality operation of all protective shutdown devices (circuit breakers, RCDs, arresters, fuses, differential switches, etc.).Protective shutdown is a fast-acting protection that ensures automatic shutdown of electrical equipment when there is a danger of electric shock in it.
Such a danger can occur in the case of:● a phase short circuit to the electrical equipment housing,●  a decrease in the insulation resistance of the phases relative to the ground,● the appearance of a higher voltage in the network,● a person touching live parts.

IMPLEMENTED PROJECTS

Grounding

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AUTHORIZATION OF WORKING GROUNDING OF 35/10 kV SUBSTATION

Svitovyr LLC performs design and installation work on the device of working grounding. Unlike protective grounding, the main task of which is to eliminate the risk of electric shock when touching electrical equipment, working grounding is responsible for the correct, uninterrupted functioning of electrical equipment in normal or emergency mode, and is not intended to ensure the electrical safety of people.
Grounding is a deliberate electrical connection to the ground of various metal elements that may be under voltage due to a short circuit to the housing or for another reason. Not only housings, but also neutral windings of generators, transformers, etc. can be connected in this way.

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POTENTIAL EQUALIZATION SYSTEM

The potential equalization system (PES) is designed to equalize the potential of all conductive parts of the building: building elements; building structures; engineering networks; communications; lightning protection systems.PES is mandatory in TN-S and TN-C-S grounding systems.It is prohibited to perform PES in the TN-C grounding system.
If a difference in electrical potentials is formed between two metal objects, for example, a shower cabin and a heating radiator, then simultaneous contact between two objects by a person can be extremely dangerous.The potential equalization system makes it impossible for voltage to arise between two conductive objects. Usually, the main and additional potential equalization systems are performed.

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PROTECTIVE GROUNDING OF SES

Specialists of Svitovyr LLC implement projects for the installation of protective grounding. Protective grounding is a deliberate electrical connection to the ground or its equivalent of metal non-conductive parts that may be under voltage.

The protective effect of a grounding device is based on reducing to a safe value the current passing through a person at the moment he touches a damaged electrical installation.

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